Brain
When compared to its weight, the elephant's brain is relatively small. Large areas are devoted to memory and scent. Plenty of curves and notches in the brain indicate high intelligence, and a capacity for learning greater than many animals.

Eyes
Elephants have small eyes when compared to their large size, yet they can see things clearly and at a considerable distance.

Ears
Elephants have huge ears that work like a radiator, fanning all the time. When elephants spread their ears out, they can hear noises from far away better. Aged elephants will have curled ears and the lower edges may be partly necrotic. We can roughly calculate the elephant's age by looking at the ears. Fewer "chips" mean a younger age while the more, the older. Thai people believe that elephant cannot only understand human language but also have a "sixth sense". According to traditional wisdom, Thai elephants do not like obscene words.

Trunk
Of all the organ of the elephant, the trunk is the most incredible because of its multiple uses: as nose, hand and fingers and straw. There are no bones in the trunk, but it contains 40,000 muscle groups. Therefore, the trunk is normally pliable and able to pick up tiny objects. It can also become more rigid, and be used to lift heavy items weighting 100 kg. The trunk is filled with sensory nerves for perceiving scent. Among blind elephants, it has been observed that the trunk can be used as "radar" for negotiating their environment. The elephant is sensitive to high temperatures because of the heat retention in its thick skin, and elephants "sweat" only at their toenails. The trunk is used as a "pipe" for sucking water, to shower the body and reduce heat. It can hold up to 10 liters of water, or suck dirt to be sprayed for insect protection. Because of its multiple functions, the elephant tends to be very protective of its trunk, as the trunk is a very sensitive organ and essential to the animal's daily life. When chasing another animal, the elephant will roll its trunk up tightly for protection. The trunk is also a powerful weapon. When elephants fight, the primary weapons are not the tusks, but the trunk. The elephant will use the powerful muscles in its trunk to grab a smaller opponent, before stamping on it or stabbing with its tusks. The elephant's trunk is not only a vital to sustaining life, it is powerful tool for killing as well.

Teeth
Nature has provided the elephant with teeth unlike any other animal's. Elephants have 6 or 7 sets of 4 grinding teeth, which grow and are replaced over their life span. More easily observed, beautiful, and valuable to the human population are tusks, which are actually the elephant's incisor teeth. The tusks grow from the upper jaw. There are two kinds of male elephants. Chang Plai is a male with tusks; Chang Si Daw is a male without tusks. The female elephant, called Chang Pang, has no tusks, though some Chang Pang have tiny tusks called Khanai. The tusks will protrude from beneath the upper lip and be visible when the elephant is 2 - 5 years old. Elephants use their tusks as weapons to defend themselves against other animals, or other elephants. Today, tusks are a liability for the elephants, which must be killed to remove and sell their ivory, thus hastening the species' decline and the threat of extinction.

Skin
The elephants have different thickness at every part of skin. All of its skin could be itchy. Elephant's skin is 0.5 - 1 inch thick. Healthy elephant's skin is like custard apple's peel with dark color. Average of skin's weight is approximately 9.82 % of whole weight. Elephant's skin can move by special muscles called "Carnosus."

Toenail
The elephant has very short toenails. Normally elephants have 18 nails. There are 4 nails at each of its front legs, 4 - 5 nails at each of its hind legs.

Tail
The end of the elephant's tail has black hair. It is approximately 4 - 6 inches long in 2 rows.